2008 年 19 巻 p. 221-230
The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of English learning experiences outside school on children who have English classes at school. The participants consisted of 944 students (258 third, 233 fourth, 197 fifth, and 256 sixth graders) of Japanese municipal public schools. According to the results of a MANOVA, students who studied in after-school English classes (called "the experienced group" in this study) thought less of their own perceived competence in English (PCE), and had less willingness to read, write, and speak in English when they will become junior high school students (WTRWS) than did the students in the inexperienced group. This is amazing evidence which goes against the supposed benefits of studying outside school. The implications will be explained.