Abstract
The Japanese Institute of Irrigation and Drainage (JIID) carried out the three different questionnaire surveys all over the country for i) the municipalities that promote urban-rural exchange programs, ii) the city dwellers who participate in the exchange programs and iii) the rural villagers who accept them. We analyze a great deal of text data for the free-answer questions of the questionnaires. It turned out that urban-rural exchange suitable for promotion of Hilly and Mountainous Areas and has an effect in residents' consciousness reform and environmental preservation, on the other side, has come to cancel decrease in population and aging.
