California leads organic production in the US. However, as it continues to grow, conventionalization of and cooptation in organic agriculture has occurred. Some counter-movements are fighting against such trends in California and the US, trying to maintain traditional organic values and practices. Based on California studies and experiences, some suggestions for Japanese organic agricultural research, extension, and education are offered, including the use of agroecology, a participatory transdisciplinary approach encompassing science, practice, and movement, a farmer-to-farmer network-based extension approach for organic agriculture, and the importance of studying successful organic farmers’ systems.
