集落構造の移り変りと集落研究の動向

建築学会の場合

抄録

This paper consists of two different parts.
The first part describes how the composition of rural communities has changed since the 1960s. Land use changes, industrial and commercial development, and general socio-economic changes of community dwellers are shown in appropriate statistical sources and other studies. Attention is given to regional variations of these changes; for example, a community on an urban fringe has experienced a significant degree of physical and social transformation, which is often called “rurban-complex. ” A typology of rural settlement has developed from observation as follows:
1) communities within rurbanized districts,
2) communities with urban influences, and
3) communities with a weakening agricultural sector.
(Rural communities in mountain villages are excluded) .
The second part reviews architecture research trends in connection with rural settlement survey and planning. The initial focus was on the physical arrangement and functions of traditional farmhouses. As rapid depopulation began in the 1960s, rural resettlement programs were developed and many new surveys were conducted in relatively remote areas. The next focus area included the survey and analysis of regional hierarchies and living spheres, which were supported more or less by the centerperiphery theory. Recently, the studies on “planning units” have become substantial concerns of rural planners and architects.
Several topics are identified as unsolved and relevant for the researchers concerned.