抄録
This paper examines the social relations between landholders and agricultural workers, mainly landless people, in R-village of East Java. The results are summarized as follows;
(1) . In R-village, as many as 60% of total households are landless. Most of the landholders operate small-scale farming only, but the economic level of villagers is differentiated to some extent. As a result of accelerated agricultural development, productivity of rice has increased with a high degree of commercialization.
(2). In terms of economic status, workers and their employers are clearly distinguished : the workers are landless or low-class farmer, but the employers are middle-class or upper-class farmer. The landholding of each farmer class are less than 0.2ha in low-class, less than 0.5ha in middle-class, and 0.5ha or more in upper-class.
(3). The social relations between the workers and the employers are based on the principle of mutual help. The majority of workers are linked up with employers by neighboring ties, which have been formed as social networks through face-to-face contacts in village social life.
It should be noted, and this is crucial, that so-called “forces” of agricultural modernization may have little effect on the social networks existing among neighbors. By using these networks, the agricultural workers get employment opportunities and some shares of the benefit from development.
For further agricultural and rural development, it is necessary to pay more attention to the social networks among neighbors. because it provides a kind of basis for the development.
