Abstract
Carbonate reservoirs are a crucial component of global oil and gas resources, characterized by complex pore structures, significant heterogeneity, and multi-stage diagenesis, all of which profoundly impact reservoir storage performance and development efficiency. In recent years, rapid advancements in geophysical imaging, reservoir characterization, and data analysis technologies have led to significant theoretical and practical progress in carbonate reservoir research. This paper systematically reviews the genetic characteristics, depositional environments, and diverse pore types of carbonate reservoirs and explores the reshaping mechanisms of diagenesis on reservoir storage performance. Furthermore, it highlights recent advances in the quantitative characterization of reservoirs using modern techniques such as seismic inversion, nuclear magnetic resonance, and computed tomography. It also summarizes breakthroughs in reserve estimation and uncertainty analysis. Finally, key challenges in carbonate reservoir evaluation are discussed, including technical bottlenecks in deep reservoir assessment and difficulties in fine-scale heterogeneity characterization. Future research directions are proposed, focusing on high-precision reservoir modeling, integrated applications of emerging technologies, and sustainable development strategies. This study aims to provide insights for scientific research and engineering practices in carbonate reservoir evaluation.
