抄録
Soil salinization poses an escalating threat to agricultural productivity and ecosystem stability, underscoring the urgent need for green, efficient, and sustainable remediation strategies. Engineered microbial consortia, characterized by functional synergy, controllable structure, and strong ecological adaptability, have emerged as a cutting-edge approach for combating saline–alkali land degradation. Based on a systematic synthesis of recent advances, this review summarizes the mechanisms through which engineered consortia regulate soil physicochemical properties, reconfigure key biogeochemical cycles, and enhance plant tolerance to salinity and alkalinity. It further discusses design strategies ranging from bottom-up synthetic biology construction to top-down natural community simplification, as well as the application of multi-omics analysis, metabolic flux modeling, and artificial-intelligence-assisted optimization for performance enhancement and system-level stability control. Key scientific issues associated with field deployment—including ecological effects, synergistic benefits, and habitat safety—are examined, alongside major technical bottlenecks such as colonization persistence, functional predictability, environmental compatibility, and scalable manufacturing. Finally, future research directions are proposed across four dimensions: theoretical advancement, intelligent design, engineering system integration, and ecological safety governance. This work aims to provide a critical and integrative framework to guide scientific breakthroughs and promote the sustainable application of engineered microbial consortia in saline–alkali soil remediation.
