抄録
Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) and in-situ hydrogen generation (ISG-H₂) are complementary technologies for large-scale hydrogen storage and low-carbon energy systems. Advances in geological characterization, reactive transport modeling, multiphase flow simulation, and subsurface engineering have improved the understanding of hydrogen behavior in salt caverns, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, and saline aquifers, supporting the transition from laboratory studies to field applications. In parallel, thermochemical, catalytic, and microbiologically mediated hydrogen generation has emerged as a promising approach for localized hydrogen production. This review presents an integrated framework covering geological media evaluation, hydrogen generation mechanisms, storage–production interactions, reactive transport, and engineering implementation. Representative geological formations are compared in terms of storage capacity, injectivity, containment integrity, geochemical reactivity, operational flexibility, and technology maturity, while the synergy between UHS and ISG-H₂ is critically assessed. Key challenges, including coupled thermo-hydro-chemo-biological processes, hydrogen loss, wellbore integrity, reactive transport, and long-term monitoring, are highlighted. Future research should emphasize integrated subsurface hydrogen systems, intelligent reservoir characterization, digital twins, advanced monitoring, and standardized techno-economic and life-cycle assessment to accelerate commercial deployment.
