難民ホスト国ヨルダンにおける国内アクターの展開

―イスラーム的NGOの分析を通じて―

抄録

The current refugee problem facing international society has its roots in the Middle East. The impact of refugees is high in this region of numerous conflicts and continuous political instability. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is one of the gently welcoming host countries that provides a refuge for people from adjacent areas. In protecting refugees, Jordan’s non-state sector plays an important role alongside the state and international regime Previous studies of Jordan’s refugee protection policy and international relations, however, have not addressed the NGO sector, although it has been mentioned in analyses of the Muslim Brotherhood, and in reference to Islamic Activism. In this context, NGOs are mostly treated as a threat to the state’s legitimacy.

This paper examines the development of Jordan’s refugee relief in the protection process and actor relations, especially among the state, international organizations, and non-state actors. It was found that Jordan’s NGO sector has grown since the country’s political liberalization; Islamic NGOs, in particular, play an important role in refugee protection in the urban sphere. The government of Jordan, by tightening the regulation of NGOs, has restricted their political activities and encouraged them to throw themselves into protection activities. The Jordanian refugee policy aims to attract international support, without becoming dependent upon international organizations, by organizing royal NGOs and using traditional Islamic channels to encourage the resilience of the whole community. In this way, Jordan strengthens he state’s legitimacy by contributing to state development and maintaining the stability of Islamic power.