中国の中小企業信用保証制度の試行実態と課題

江蘇省鎮江市の事例を中心として

抄録

Since the mid-1990s, the operating environment of China’s small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has changed dramatically as the market economy has deepened and developed. SMEs are playing an increasingly important role in China’s national economy and social development. However, due to its small scale, lower market share, lower levels of technology and equipment, and lower labor productivity, the SME sector is at a disadvantage in the face of fierce competition from large enterprises. China’s government has formulated and implemented a series of policies to support and promote the development of SMEs. The most noticeable of these policies is the establishment of institutions to guarantee SME financing and a pilot SME credit guarantee system.
In China, the development of SMEs is restricted by both financing and credit guarantee difficulties, i.e. it is hard for an SME to get efficient credit guarantees when it applies for a loan. The establishment of SME credit guarantee institutions should efficiently alleviate this situation.
Starting from the development status of China’s SMEs, this paper explains the special position and importance of today’s SMEs in China’s economy. It reveals the core reasons for the financing and credit guarantee difficulties of SMEs. Furthermore, it analyses and discusses the current situation of China’s SME credit guarantee system, and explores ways and means of developing and improving the system. Based on an investigation of the credit guarantee institutions in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, this paper provides a detailed study and objective analysis of the operation of the three main types of credit guarantee (government policy type, commercial type and co-operative type), and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. It then makes the following suggestions related to the development of China’s SME credit guarantee system:
1.The current credit guarantee institution in China is deficient in some respects. It is necessary to develop both government policy type and commercial type credit guarantee institutions.
2.It is essential to perfect laws, rules and regulations related to the administration of SME financing guarantee institutions and to formulate an entrance system for guarantee companies.
3.The government should establish preferential policies for SMEs, such as fund compensation for the loss of credit guarantee and business tax exemption.
4. In co-operation with credit guarantee institutions, small to medium-sized financial institutions need be established to serve SMEs.
5.The implemention of a re-guarantee system, built up by national and provincial SME credit re-guarantee institutions, also needs be established.