グローバル化の潮流とベトナムの内外政策

世界市場への「主体的参入」と「全民大団結」路線

抄録

In the aftermath of the Cold War period the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has faced many contradictions between its political ideology and realities in its society. One of the largest contradictions lies between Vietnam’s participation in the global market economy and the achievement of ‘Vietnamese socialism’ inside the country. This contradiction inevitably causes much instability in domestic society. This paper considers recent incidents among ethnic minorities from aspects of national participation in the global economy, in order to understand how the Communist government is dealing with contradictions between international relations and domestic policy.
In the preparation for the 9th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam held in February 2001, the country’s Communist leaders discussed the current state of globalization in terms of both ‘positive aspects’ and ‘negative aspects’. They regarded globalization as an inevitable reality, although they deemed recent globalization to be ‘capitalist globalization’ or ‘Americanization of the world’. Therefore they insisted that they should ‘take the initiative’ in participating in this process and ‘make good use’ of globalization. The 9th National Congress presented a policy of ‘great national unity’. This was based on the reality that the economic interests and social classes of Vietnamese people have increasingly diversified in the process of participating in the global market economy. The purpose of the ‘great national unity’ policy was to keep Vietnamese society under the totalitarian control of the Communist Party.
As the government set about implementing the ‘great national unity’ policy, some clashes between Christian ethnic minorities and local Communist authorities occurred in mountain areas. As some leaders of the riots were connected with overseas Vietnamese groups in the United States, the Hanoi government insisted that the ethnic minorities movements formed a part of ‘international terrorism’ derived from capitalist globalization by ‘American imperialists’ who aimed to overthrow socialist regimes. After widescale efforts to crush opposition in the central highlands in 2001 and 2004, the Communist authorities warned that Vietnamese national culture had been erroded by the Americanization of the world.
Consequently, it can be said that the Hanoi government regards taking the initiative in participating in the global market economy as a way of enlarging national economic interests as well as denying foreign intervention in domestic affairs, and that the policy of ‘great national unity’ legitimizes their totalitarian regime. The Communist authorities also insist that capit alist globalization will in any case reach its conclusion and the world will go forward under ‘socialist globalization’.