論説
新疆における盛世才政権の民族政策の形成と破綻
2012 年 58 巻 1.2 号 p. 18-32
詳細
2012 年 58 巻 1.2 号 p. 18-32
This paper analyzes the objectives, content, and causes of the bankruptcy of the national policy practiced by the Sheng Shih-ts’ai regime in the 1930s, and examines how it influenced the identity of the Uygur people in south Xinjiang.
Under the patronage of the Soviet Union, Sheng introduced ‘Soviet model’ national policies, which helped the development of each ethnic group’s culture in Xinjiang. These policies were based on the theory that the development of individual ethnic groups would eventually lead to the formation of a new unified nation. ‘Uygur reformers’ gave a degree of support to these policies, and education based on the native language developed.
In Kashgar region, native inhabitants planned to establish autonomous power through an education movement. However, these attempts at political and cultural autonomy conflicted with the reinforcement of control by the provincial government in 1936. The provincial government permitted development of the culture of ethnic groups, but did not allow these groups to have any autonomy.
Sheng’s political objective was to resist the Japanese invasion by relying on Soviet aid. After establishing his regime in Xinjiang, his principal political ambition was to become the political leader of the socialists in China, and if possible, the political leader of the whole of China.Therefore, he expressed his loyalty to Stalin from a relatively early stage. The purge that Sheng initiated in October 1937 was based on his fear of a coup, and was an imitation of Stalin’s purges. National policy, however, broke down because of it.
The Uygur people in south Xinjiang, who faced oppression, were forced to participate in the campaign against Japan. Many of them, however, anticipated that outsiders, such as Japan and the Nanking nationalist government, would overthrow the provincial government. The least they hoped for was political and cultural autonomy. Sheng’s regime specified certain issues that needed to be settled in order for the central government of China to integrate Xinjiang.
