Isolation of Thermophilic Ammonium-tolerant Bacterium and Its Application to Reduce Ammonia Emission during Composting of Animal Wastes

Abstract

A thermophilic bacterium, strain TAT105, was isolated from compost made of animal wastes. TAT105 had high tolerance to ammonium nitrogen up to 1200 mM, and highly assimilated nitrogen during the growth on swine feces. The strain was classified into Bacillus, close to Bacillus pallidus. To evaluate the effect of adding TAT105 to ammonia (NH₃) emission during the composting process of animal wastes, laboratory scale composting was done. NH₃ emission tended to be lower and nitrogen loss was smaller in the TAT105-added material than in the control material to which TAT105 was not added. Thermophilic ammonium-tolerant bacteria in the TAT105-added material increased to about 8×10⁹ CFU/g of dry matter on the average during the tests, and most of them were judged to be TAT105 from morphological colony discrimination. These results suggested the possibility of reducing NH₃ emission from composting of animal wastes by adding TAT105.