Abstract
We investigated the cytokine-inducing activities of guluronate (G3–G6) and mannuronate (M3–M6) oligomers on RAW264.7 cells with the Bio-Plex assay system. Relatively high levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), granulocyte macrophage (GM)-CSF, and eotaxin were induced by alginate oligomers to different extents depending on the oligomer structures, and low but significant levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-9, and IL-13 were also induced. Throughout all cytokines tested, M-oligomers tended to be more potent than G-oligomers in terms of cytokine induction, and this tendency was evident in differences between G3 and M3.
