Abstract
Unripe green apples contain condensed tannins at 10 times higher levels than ripe apples. Tannin not only has strong antioxidant activity, but also an astringent property. In this study, we investigated the effects of green apple rind (GAR) extracts in reducing facial pores and sebum secretion. Among the GAR extracts, the 70% ethanol GAR extract showed the highest antioxidant activity and tannin content. Hence, it was further fractionated with different solvents. Among these rind solvent fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction of the extract (GAR-E) showed astringent activity. Additionally, it exhibited inhibitory effects on 5-α reductase, and induced type 1 collagen and involucrin synthesis. These results suggest that GAR-E can be applied in cosmetics to reduce facial pore size and sebum secretion.
