Interaction of Bovine β-Lactoglobulin and Other Bovine and Human Whey Proteins with Retinol and Fatty Acids

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The interaction of bovine and human whey proteins with retinol and palmitic acid has been studied. Using gel filtration it was found that bovine β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin and serum albumin from both species bind retinol in vitro while the ability to bind palmitic acid is restricted to bovine β-lactoglobulin and bovine and human serum albumin. Using equilibrium dialysis, β-lactoglobulin was found to display two binding sites for retinol per dimeric molecule with an association constant of 1.5×10⁴M^-1. Competition experiments showed that when the concentration ratio between total fatty acids and retinol is similar to that found in milk, palmitic acid competes with the binding of retinol to β-lactoglobulin.