風景画の成立 : 日本近代洋画の場合

抄録

It seems that the history of Western-style oil painting in Japan, especially that of landscape painting, had realized a change in form and content around the year 1900. A comparison between the terminology used and the actual works reveals this transformation very clearly. In the middle and late Meiji period, the painters belonging to the Meiji Bijutsukai (Meiji Fine Arts Society), founded in 1889, painted, so to say, great landscapes. Another group, the Hakubakai (White Horse Society) founded in 1896, chose landscape themes which demanded a closer, more intimate view of nature. Thus the landscapes painted by the White Horse Society were also dubbed 'a corner of nature.' The use of brilliant coloring in the White Horse Society's landscapes bears great meaning for the establishment of the landscapes genre in Modern Westernstyle Painting. The term 'landscape-painting' (Fukei-ga) appeared in 1897, just when the new type of intimate landscape painting was established. By 1899, at the time of the fourth exhibition of the White Horse Society, a complete change in nomenclature of the works, that is from sansui and kesiki to fukei, had already occurred. The appearance of the term, fukeiga, runs parallel to the appearance of landscapes painted mainly by the members of the White Horse Society. Thus, just before the turn of this century, landscape painting, as a theme independent of historicity and theory, was firmly established.