「指し示されたタイプ」的存在者としての音楽作品 : ジェラルド・レヴィンソンの音楽作品の存在論に関する一考察

抄録

Jerrold Levinson insists that musical works are indicated type entities. The aim of this paper is, first, to summarize and clarify his view and, second, to examine his view and the criticisms which are directed towards Levinson's notions of "indication" and "creating type." In Section 1, I summarize why Levinson rejects "Sound Structure Theory." His motivations for rejecting it are two. First, he assumes musical works can be created, but sound structure cannot. Second, he assumes musical works must be individuated so finely that they can bear the aesthetic/artistic properties which we ordinarily attribute to them. In Section 2, I explain his proposal that musical works are indicated type entities and "Indicated Type Theory" avoids the problems which "Sound Structure Theory" cannot. In Section 3, I examine two criticisms of Levinson's view. The first criticism concerns the ontological nature of indicated type. But I think Levinson can object to that criticism. The second criticism concerns his notion of "creating new type." This is a genuine problem for Levinson.