L・B・アルベルティの〈有翼の眼〉と古代エジプト神聖文字

〈神の眼〉と〈人の眼〉、図像の源泉と解釈をめぐって

抄録

Alberti’s impresa called the Winged Eye, carved in relief in his self-portrait plaque and medals, also drawn on some manuscripts from the end of 1420’s and the 1430’s, was described by Wind (1958) as the divine and awful God’s eye and is like a mystic Egyptian hieroglyph. Alberti was influenced by the discovery of Horapollo’s Hieroglyphica in 1419, and studied about hieroglyphs in the 1420s’ from Fracesco Filelfo, who was translating Pultarch’s Moralia that contains On the Worship of Isis and Osiris. However, it is also interpreted as a human eye since the Winged Eye is linked to the words “QUID TVM” from a poem by Virgil. In Alberti’s text of Anuli, the Winged Eye is a symbol of god and has human qualities such as prudence and providence. The Winged Eye is a Chimera-type image influenced by Egyptian and Greco-Roman cultures and is based on Egyptian hieroglyph’s eye and their amulets, as well as Roman coin reliefs of Octavianus in 38 BC, evil eyes and the Roman Winged Phallus amulets. The author suggests that when Alberti created the Winged Eye, he applied the Greek word “symbollon” which originally means “to throw together.”