オズワルド・ヂ・アンドラーヂの批評におけるブラジル性について

抄録

This paper characterizes a Brazilian critic Oswald de Andrade’s ‘Brazilianness (brasilidade)’ by analyzing his art critique. It is accepted that ‘philosophy of anthropophagy’ proposed by Andrade’s “Anthropophagy Manifest (Manifesto Antropófago, 1928)” defines the 20th century Brazilian culture. The idea of the philosophy of anthropophagy as a cultural constructional model ignores, however, socio-political visions in Andrade’s works. I clarify the significance of art for Andrade and connect his writings of art in the modernist era and socio-political writings in his later years. Andrade praises art based on Brazilian life, nature, and history as representative art of Brazil, national art. Further, according to his review concerning Anita Malfatti’s solo exhibition in 1917, Andrade criticizes art from a western point of view. Finally, the paper clarifies representations of Brazilianness by analyzing Andrade’s critiques about two painters, Tarsila do Amaral and Lasar Segall. In conclusion, I show that Brazilianness for Andrade is an expression both based on Brazilian life, nature, and history and executed well in western criteria. Andrade’s Brazilianness is also problematic in terms of internalizing of western exoticism. At the same time, however, it is possible for the Brazilianness to subvert Eurocentrism.