舞踊や演劇における模倣ジェスチャーの特性

抄録

Furi, mimic gestures in theatricals, are based on daily movements. In this study, daily movements and mimic gestures of the movement of hands and arms were compared. Subjects were 10 adult females and 30 infants. This test involved four experimental gestures: (1) the pot is empty; (2) the pot is half full of water; (3) the pot is full of water; (4) the pot is covered, and the subject does not know how much water it contained. Each experiment had three phases: (1) transport empty (reaching), (2) grasping, and (3) transport loaded (pulling back). The results were as follows. For daily movements, when there was an increase in the volume of water, the time required was longer, especially in the second phase. When subjects could not estimate the volume of water, the time required in the first phase was longer. When there was an increase in the volume of water, the area covered by hand movements was smaller, and the hand tended to move in a straight line. When there was an increase in the volume of water, the trunk of the body rotated around the longitudinal axis. The proximal parts of the body tended to be fixed. Movements of the distal parts of the body were smaller in the real action than in the mimic action. For mimic gestures, when there was an increase in the volume of water, the time required was longer in the third phase. The area covered by movement of the hand and elbow was larger, and the hand tended to move in a curved line. The proximal parts of the body moved with the distal parts. When there was an increase in the volume of water, the trunk of the body leaned anteriorly. As for infants under 4 years, there is no significant differences the time and spaces of upper limb movements effected with object they estimate. The results indicated that the time required was in proportion to the volume of water in both mimic gestures and daily movements. However, in daily movements the time required in the second phase is larger, while in mimic gestures that in the third phase is larger. The area covered by hand movements is even larger. In mimic gestures of theatricals these characteristics were clearly seen. It can be said that actors "overact" or omit some of the daily movements, according to the dramatic requirements of the scenes.