敗戦直後の知識人運動の精神的基盤と成立意義

―雑誌『世界文化』同人の戦中・戦後の軌跡から―

抄録

  Spontaneous educational attempts by intellectuals and people soon after WW II were closely tied to intellectuals' regret for their helplessness against the war and with their intention to cooperate in the reconstruction of Japan Previous research has not paid attention to the intentions and activities of intellectuals. This paper examines the historical meaning and influence of such an intellectual movement through a case study of the staff members of the magazine Sekai-Bunka.

  Sekai-Bunka, published by scholars in fields from the humanities to natural sciences in the Kyoto area from 1935 to 1937, presented the world tendency of anti-fascism. Although most of the staff members were prosecuted for violating the Maintenance of the Public Order and kept from the active stage during the war, they took active and important parts in social and/or educational reform and journalism after WW II.

  The analysis of Sekai-Bunka and of their memoirs demonstrates their acceptance of Marxism in 1930s, their cooperation and social concern appearing in the journal, and their irrational experiences in prison and isolation in the war, which led them to social activities after the war. The intellectual movement shows how we can cooperate and use our knowledge for the public good.