Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection in Patients Receiving Vitamin-Enriched Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

In vitro studies have reported that multiple vitamins may promote bacterial growth and infection. In clinical practice, patients receiving peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) may develop catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). Since some PPN formulations contain multiple vitamins, they may increase the risk of CRBSIs. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between PPN infusions containing vitamins and the incidence of CRBSIs and examined the effects of different antiseptics used before catheter insertion. Patients were divided into the following groups: those receiving the BFLUID injection (1 vitamin), those receiving the PAREPLUS injection (9 vitamins), those disinfected with povidone iodine before the PAREPLUS injection, and those disinfected with chlorhexidine alcohol before the PAREPLUS injection. We analyzed infection rates in each group. The PAREPLUS group showed a significantly higher rate of infections by Staphylococcus species. Furthermore, a longer duration of PPN administration (≥2 weeks) was associated with a higher risk of CRBSI across all detected pathogens. Vitamin-enriched PPN increased approximately 2-fold in CRBSI compared with a thiamine-only formulation, independent of infusion duration. However, the incidence of CRBSI did not significantly differ between the different antiseptic groups. These results suggest that proper infection control and careful management are essential during PPN therapy, especially when multiple vitamin products are used over extended periods.