The cell death phenotype of MGC-803 cells inducing with“dextran-magnetic layered double hydroxide-fluorouracil” drug delivery system and fluorouracil

Abstract

The purpose of the paper is to study the differences in cell death mechanism of MGC-803 induced by “dextran-magnetic layered double hydroxide-fluorouracil” (DMF) drug delivery system and 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu), respectively. The inhibitory effect on the proliferation was detected via CCK-8. The morphology of cell death was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Intracellular ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Cytosolic Free Ca (Ca²⁺) level were detected via some methods. The result showed that DMF had more obvious effect in suppressing proliferation compared with 5-Fu, and changed cell death pattern of 5-Fu from apoptosis to oncosis. The ATP decrease, MMP loss, Ca²⁺ increase, the activation of UCP-2 and caplain-1 were significant after DMF exposure. However, DMF did not result in ROS accumulation. DMF could involve in activation of porimin, and the cascade reaction of caspase-3, 7, 9, 12 and PARP through western blot. DMF showed a stronger injury on nuclear membrane in the cascade reaction of caspase-6, caspase-8 and lamin-A. DMF triggered rapid depletion of ATP, which was consistent with the phenotype of oncosis. Endogenous mitochondrial apoptosis might not be the main cause of cell swelling. DMF could induce strong endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) effect, there might be some signaling pathways related with ERS during the process of oncosis. The calpain system might not be a key factor for structural damage in oncosis induced by DMF. DMF could induce the caspases cascade reactions similar to apoptosis, but inflicted a more strong damage on nuclear membrane and PARP.