Innovative bioelectrodes of MgO-templated carbons with controlled pore sizes for biofuel cell applications

抄録

Biofuel cells (BFCs) use biological catalysts for power generation and are promising for wearable devices due to their low cost and high power density. Enzyme-based BFCs convert organic fuels into electricity under physiological conditions but have problems such as enzyme instability and low power output. Improving their performance requires increasing the enzyme loading, stabilizing the enzymes, and using nanostructured electrodes to improve electrochemical activity. Porous carbons with controlled pore sizes are ideal for enzyme immobilization, offering large surface areas and improved mass transport. Balancing meso- and macroporous structures for optimal enzyme performance is crucial. MgO-templated carbons (MgOC) have controlled pore sizes and can be produced on a large scale, making them a viable alternative to traditional nanocarbons for BFCs and wearable applications. MgOC-modified electrodes increase enzyme adsorption and stability, improving glucose and lactate BFC performance with promising power densities, including self-powered glucose and lactate sensors. The electrode’s hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity plays a crucial role in improving the delivery of fuels. Problems of durability and cost-effectiveness remain, necessitating interdisciplinary collaboration for further development.