Comparison of Lead Material Flow and Emission into the Environment between Japan, Thailand and Philippines

Abstract

In this paper, we analyzed the material flow and emission of lead in Japan, Thailand and Philippines quantitatively. As a result, we revealed that approximately 70% of lead in used products is recovered in Japan, and approximately 90% of lead is recovered in Thailand and Philippines. In addition, the main source of lead emission into the air and water is refining and stock , and the volume of emission from illegal sectors in Thailand is large, therefore, human health risk should be concerned in local and regional areas in Thailand.