Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Changes of Cultural Ecosystem Services Perception in Urban Park

PPGIS Survey in Koganei Park, Tokyo

Abstract

Recent studies have analyzed the multifunctionality of urban parks from the perspective of cultural ecosystem services (CES). However, their spatial distribution and seasonal changes have been little studied. This study conducted a Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) survey in Koganei Park in each season to investigate spatial hotspots and seasonal changes in six CES. The results showed that the spatial distribution of CES varied by both type and season. While multi-purpose open spaces were consistently valued for various CES, areas with seasonal flowers were highly evaluated only during blooming periods. Notably, the biodiversity conservation area was uniquely valued for educational values throughout the year. These findings suggest that, in addition to multi-purpose open spaces, seasonal flower planning, biodiversity conservation and education can enhance year-round provision of various CES in urban parks.