The purpose of this paper is to analyze the change of the relation between the central government and provinces in late Qing China. In imperial China, the relation between the central government and provinces which is different from the modern nation state existed. An administrative right was unified by the dynasty, but the administration was completely executed by the local bureaucrat. In the 19th century, modern traffic and communication industry was introduced, and they were managed and supervised by the local bureaucrat. such as governor general. In the 1900s, with political reform, the reorganization of the administrative system was begun.As for the traffic and communication administration, management of public railway and telegraph was transferred to the Youchuanbu 郵伝部 (Ministry of Posts and Communications) which was established in 1906. In 1908, the Qing government ordered all ministries to draft a nine-year policy program for the preparation to enforce the Constitution. After that. these programs were executed until the 1911 revolution, and became the basis for development of policies. In this process, unification of traffic and communication administration developed more. Xingzheng-gangmu行政綱目 (the table of the constitutional administrative system) which the Xianzheng-bianchaguan憲政編査館 (the Constitution Drafting Committee) presented in 1910, it proposed a systematical reorganization plan. According to it, traffic and communication administration had to be unified to the Youchuanbu. For example, the postal service which the maritime customs managed and local public telegraph which provincial government managed was transferred to the Youchuanbu in 1911. By this process, the relation between the central government and provinces was reorganized. The national traffic and communication administration was almost executed not by the local bureaucrat but by the central government. It is an epoch-making reform on the administration system of China.
