Abstract
Previous studies of superstitious belief have mainly focused on paranormal phenomena and showed that such belief could be predicted by our intuitive-analytical thinking styles. This study aimed to extend existing findings to non-paranormal pseudoscience, or more precisely myths of popular psychology, by exploring links between belief and dual-process thought (cognitive ability and intuitive-analytical thinking styles). In the present study, 103 Japanese undergraduate students completed questionnaires on cognitive style and ability and level of beliefs and science literacy. Results showed that belief in the myths of popular psychology could be predicted solely by analytic cognitive style. However intuitive style, cognitive ability and science literacy were not associated with such belief. These results follow the dual-process view of belief perseverance; however, analytic style was positively associated, as opposed to previous studies, with beliefs. This discrepancy might emerge from Western and Eastern cultural differences in thinking style.
