Abstract
近年,カウンセラーの自己開示は,カウンセリングの治療関係を形成するなど,肯定的な効果が指摘されている。また,クライエントはカウンセラーの自己開示を高く評価し,強く求めている可能性も示唆されている。しかし,クライエントがカウンセラーの自己開示を望む背景にある考えは,明らかにされていない。そこで本研究では,フォーカス・グループ・インタビューを用いた探索的調査を実施した。大学生および大学院生8名を2組のグループに分け,(1)カウンセラーの自己開示を望む場面および内容,(2)カウンセラーの自己開示を避けたい場面および内容,そして(1)(2)の回答に至った理由を尋ねた。その結果,クライエントがカウンセラーの自己開示を望むおもな理由として,クライエントの語りにくさの軽減や,クライエントが一人で悩んでいる状況からの視野の拡大が示された。一方で,カウンセラーの不適切な自己開示によって,クライエントがカウンセラーから否定されるのではないかといった悪影響を懸念する思いも併存していた。カウンセラーの自己開示に対するクライエントの選好および懸念と先行研究による指摘との整合性を検討し,今後の展望について論じた。
Translated Abstract
Previous studies have shown the affirmative effects of counselors’ self-disclosure as a part of intervention related counseling. Such self-disclosure is evaluated highly by clients and it is possible that it is even highly desired. However, ideas of clients behind desiring such self-disclosure remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present exploratory study was to research these preferences by using focus group interviews. Eight undergraduate and graduate students were divided into two focus groups. They were then asked about (1) which contexts and contents of dialogue in which they seek counselors’ self-disclosure, (2) which contexts and contents of dialogue in which they would want to avoid counselors’ self-disclosure, and then what reasons brought about their responses. The results demonstrated that as ideas behind desiring counselors’ self-disclosure, clients would be able to feel the hesitation to talk reduced, and clients would be able to widen their perspectives in situations where they had been troubled by their worries on their own. In contrast, there were also thoughts that participants were apprehensive of negative effects related to counselors’ inappropriate self-disclosure, such as being denied by counselors. We examined the consistency of these results with previous studies and discussed further perspectives.
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