Regeneration favors the epigenetically primed state in the callus or the stem cell

抄録

Regeneration is the process of reconstituting or developing new cells, tissues, and organs. Recent research has revealed that the priming mechanism plays a crucial role in regeneration. This mechanism involves the cell entering a primed state after the first stimulus, which could be a change in differentiation state, metabolic alteration, inflammatory response due to pathogen stimulation, or environmental stimuli. In this primed state after the initial stimulus, histone modifications and chromatin open/closed states remain in the primed gene loci. Upon arrival of the second stimulus, whether the same or different, these epigenetically primed genes are transcribed more quickly and potently than in response to the first stimulus. This is because RNA polymerase II can bind to the promoters of the primed genes immediately. This mechanism of priming enables quick shoot regeneration from callus in plants and prompt wound repair in mammals. This review focuses on recent reports regarding the primed state of callus and mammalian skin stem cells. As Professor Louis Pasteur famously stated, ‘Chance favors the prepared mind.’ Similarly, regeneration is more likely to occur in the epigenetically primed state.