Abstract
Messenger RNA-encapsulated lipid nanoparticles, referred to as LNP-mRNA, are a novel modality that has been approved as mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. mRNA composed of unmodified nucleic acids can induce inflammatory reactions, leading to adverse reactions when administered to the body. However, it has been discovered that using mRNA composed of modified nucleic acids can reduce excessive inflammatory reactions, expanding the potential for the application of mRNA in pharmaceuticals. On the other hand, it has become clear that the pH-responsive lipid used in LNPs also exhibits adjuvant activity associated with innate immune activation. This article provides an overview of LNP-mRNA and its natural immune effects.
