Abstract
We previously reported that magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) increases the threshold dose of bupivacaine in inducing seizure in rats. Cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms involved in the biotransformation of bupivacaine to three oxidative metabolites and the effects of MgSO4 in vivo on the P450 activities in rats were investigated. Of six cDNA-expressed rat P450 isoforms tested, CYP3A2 and CYP2C11 had high rates for N-debutlylation and 3′-hydroxylation of bupivacaine, respectively. The liver microsomes prepared from male rats pretreated with intravenous administration of MgSO4 (a bolus dose of 25 mg/kg, followed by infusion of 2.0 mg/kg/min for 6 h) showed increased Vmax values for N-debutylation and 3′-hydroxylaiton of bupivacaine compared to the liver microsomes from control rats. Administration of MgSO4 also increased the activities of testosterone 6β- and 16α-hydroxylation. Although the level of expression of CYP3A and CYP2C isoforms in the liver microsomes were unchanged, NADPH-P450 reductase and cytochrome b5 were found to be induced by intravenous administration of MgSO4. These results suggest that CYP3A and CYP2C isoforms are activated by MgSO4 in vivo as a consequence of enhanced microsomal electron transfer due to induction of NADPH-P450 reductase and cytochrome b5, leading to the increased metabolism and clearance of bupivacaine.
