抄録
Chapter I. The history of the study of soil types in the World is shortly noted and the present state of the investigations on that direction in Japan are briefly explained. The author threw the questions how to define and characterize the brown earths for the field works in our country. Chapter II. The characteristics of the brown earths given by Ramann are restated and the criticisms against that soils type by some authors are interpreted. The selected profiles and their explanations of the soils known as the brown earths in European Continent, British Islands and North America are described with the author's short critical notes. On the comparative study of the given materials, the author came to recognize Ramann's brown earths with little modifications, especially on the soil reaction Chapter III. The essential points of the characteristics of the brown earths are given, on considerations of the data in Europe and America with reference to the soils of our country. The brown earths are dividen into the normal and degraded ones, the latter being very slightly podsolized, but retaining the characteristics of the normal ones in greater degrees. The author distinguishes the forest and the glassland brown earths, as the podsols are divided into the forest and the meadow podsols in Europe. The glassland brown earths resemble the prairie earths in some respects and occupy the glassland developed originally or after the destruction of forest in remote past times. Finally the author called attention to the importance of the further investigations of this sub-type of the brown earths. (Jan., 1934).
