MOLTS: Multinational Operators for Local Transport Services

抄録

This paper first introduces the concept and the status quo of Multinational Operators for Local Transport Services (MOLTS) such as Arriva, Keolis, Transdev, and Veolia Transport, operating independent public transport systems in a number of countries. Their operation in the European context, including American and Oceanic, is encouraged by four motivations; their business model itself as "Low-Risk Low-Profit Business with Authorities", size and nature of the MOLTS, legislative unity to allow the "low-risk low-profit business with authorities", and specialized feature of the MOLTS for tram. Thereafter, the Asian context is analyzed, in which the MOLTS focuses on the development of the new urban railway network. The "Low-risk Low-profit Business with Authorities" foundation is not established overall, yet it is possible in some regions. Specialized features are appearing in railway operations in Asia.