How Can Transport Disadvantage Become Transport-based Social Exclusion in the Context of a Developing Country? A Case Study in Bangladesh

抄録

This study analyzes how different situations of transport disadvantage can lead to social exclusion, by using well-being indicators (life satisfaction, happiness, and optimism for the future) as outcomes of interest. Data were collected in three major cities of Bangladesh from 700 respondents, and regression models and binary logit models were estimated, where predictors describing travel behavior, transport-based social exclusion and use of time were employed. It is confirmed that the physical accessibility (easiness to use sidewalks and public spaces) together with age and time for working affect all the well-being indicators. Effects of geographical disadvantage (overpopulated urban districts and slums) and time-related disadvantages (longer travel times to work and trips out of the neighborhood), income and use of rickshaws were found to be influential to at least two well-being indicators. Safety-related issues affect happiness and no significant effects of the economic dimension (transport expenditure) on well-being were found.