Individual Behavioral Richness in Urban Activity Patterns: Insights from Greater Jakarta's Multi-Day Travel Diary Data

Abstract

Individual activity patterns demonstrate complex combinations of repetition and variation, exhibiting varying degrees of spatial and temporal flexibility. This study investigates the behavioral richness of individual activity patterns in Greater Jakarta—defined as the spatial diversity of activity patterns— using smartphone-based multi-day travel diary data. We propose a modified Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) to quantify behavioral richness while incorporating distance effects, thus accounting for the spatial distribution of activities. Analysis shows distinct patterns, with Social and Eat Out activities exhibiting the highest spatial diversity, whereas medical activities were more spatially concentrated. Regression analysis was conducted to identify factors affecting behavioral richness, and confirm that gender, education years, and household head status are identified as significant factors. We also found that private vehicle and ride-hailing users tend to have greater behavioral richness. These findings offer a solid basis for enhancing the distribution of urban amenities, thereby more effectively addressing diverse activity needs.