わが国における「学級制」の成立と学級の実態の変化に関する研究

抄録

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the “class system” of the elementary school in Japan has been formed, and according to which, to analize how the pupils' groupin the class and its educational function have changed. One way to measure the characteristics of the pupils' group is the homogeneity-heterogeneity of the pupils' age and their scholastic achievements and another way is the stability of the group. And it is supposed that the educational function of the class is constituted of the two dimensions; that is, the functionof instruction and the function of discipline.
In the “grade system”, which was introduced in the beginning of the Meiji era, the pupils' group was homogeneous in scholastic achievements but heterogeneous in age, and the stability of the group was low.
But, in the “one class system” after the institutionalization of the “class system” in 1891, the pupils' group became stable and heterogeneous in both age and scholastic achievements.
In the 1900 s, the “school year class system” has spread. In this system, the pupils' group hasbecome homogeneous in age but heterogeneous in scholastic achievements. This system added the function of instruction to the function of discipline in the “one class system”, and the control of the teacher has become stronger.