生徒支援の教育社会学に向けて

いじめ問題を中心として

抄録

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine psycho-clinical guidance in thecontext of issues such as bullying and school non-attendance, and to consider theeffectiveness of the sociology of education for supporting students facing suchproblems. This study focuses on the problem of bullying. The author sets fivelevels for examining support for students in trouble, as follows. On the level ofthe individual, it is argued that the introduction of the school counselor aims toprovide support for students in trouble, but that a sociological perspective isrequired. On the level of personal relations and small groups, it is pointed outthat a student undergoing bullying in a subordinate position is in danger from asecret peer group, and may require emergency measures, such as a shelter. Onthe level of public groups, such as the classroom, it is argued that schoolcounselors and teachers cannot successfully deal with strategic grouping amongthe weak and the subtleties of bullying; consequently, the school system must bereformed through a process of trial and error. At the community level, theproblem of a closed society and the need to incorporate a sociological perspectiveinto support networks is cited. On the level of overall society, it is arguedthat more deliberate definitions and detailed knowledge of bullying still needs tobe pursued. On school non-attendance, the author argues that the creation of abetter learning environment and a career-planning system is important forschool non-attenders. Furthermore, it is argued that “Kokoro no Note” (Notesof the Heart) by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technologyare very problematical and need to be improved in order to expandstudent's insight into modern society. To cope with bullying and school nonattendance, support should be provided through both short-term urgent measuresand long-term developmental measures at all levels.