オーストリアの安全保障

中立と共通外交安保政策とをめぐって

抄録

After the Cold War, Europe's security environment has changed dramatically. The EU has tried to change its common foreign and security policy (CFSP) in the Treaty of Amsterdam, but it did not answer Austria's needs sufficiently. Austria is the only country in the EU that has stated its status of neutrality in its Constitution.
The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to examine the prospects for Austria's security policy in Europe through an analysis of various security alternatives for Austria with regard to the CFSP.
Firstly this paper tries to analyze how the implementation of the CFSP has been progressing since the Treaty of Maastricht. The Treaty of Amsterdam apparently suggested that the EU will strengthen its links with the WEU and NATO.
The paper secondly looks at where the Austrian security policy stands on the issue of neutrality. Before Austria's membership in the EC (EU) Austria stated officially that it fully commits herself to the objectives of the common foreign and security policy of the EU in a spirit of solidarity. In truth Austrian politics is divided into two sides when it comes to security policy. The Austrian Socialist Party (SPÖ) are in favor of Austria's neutrality, while the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) opts for Austria's full membership in the WEU and NATO.
Thirdly the paper looks at the linkage between the EU, the WEU and NATO. Added to this point this paper examines Austria's full membership in the WEU and NATO. Because of its neutrality Austria is currently an observer of the WEU and joins the PfP of NATO. If the importance of the WEU and NATO in the EU increases in the future, it is very difficult for Austria to commit to the CFSP without full membership of the WEU and NATO.
Finally the paper tries to speculate on Austria's security policy in the future. As one conclusion it can be said, if the CFSP fails to develop a concrete policy, it is likely that Austria's security policy will remain ambiguous.