触媒を含浸させた各種の繊維へのアクリロニトリルのグラフト重合

抄録

Various fibers imbibing solutions of several catalysts (K₂S₂O₈, (NH₄)₂S₂O₈, H₂O₂, AIBN and BPO) were heated with pure acrylonitrile in sealed tubes. The heating was carried out for 50 hrs at 60°C or for 20 hrs at 80°C in air. Solvents for catalyst to be imbibed were water, water-methanol mixtures, methanol and benzene-petroleum benzine mixtures. Concentrations of the catalysts were 0.3_??_2%.
The grafting onto cellulose fibers proceeded smoothly in the presence of persuiphates, but with difficulty in the presence of H₂O₂, AIBN and BPO. The efficiency of grafting onto viscose rayon was greater than that onto cotton. The grafting onto unheat-and heat-treated (at 200°C) polyvinyl alcohol fibers proceeded easily when the catalyst was (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ or H₂O₂, but with difficulty when the catalyst was AIBN or BPO. The grafting onto nylon fibers proceeded to a considerable extent only in the case of (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ catalyst.
In contrast to the above mentioned fibers the grafting onto polyvinyl chloride fibers took place more smoothly in the presence of AIBN and BPO than in the presence of (NH₄)₂S₂O₈. The grafting of acrylonitrile onto polyester fibers was difficult throughout the experiments.
Instead of pure acrylonitrile an acrylonitrile-dimethyl formamide mixture (1:1 by volume) or 20% aqueous solution of acrylonitrile was used for the grafting, but the degree of grafting was always lower than that obtained with pure acrylonitrile. The grafting onto dried fibers imbibing catalysts was also difficult.
Generally the behaviors of grafting of acrylonitrile lay between those of styrene and vinyl acetate, and were rather near to those of vinyl acetate.