We reviewed the mechanism on outbreak and sustentation of 'Isoyake' and the marine afforestation technologies in coralline flats(curstose coralline red algae-dominated communities) called 'Isoyake areas' in Japan. Coralline flats are enlarged when marine forests, the large perennial brown algae dominated communities are reduced by the combined hydrographycal factors of high water temperature and low nutrients. Subsequently, destructive grazing by dense herbivorous populations sustain the coralline flats. The marine afforestation technologies in coralline flats are composed of 1) reduction of grazing pressures by herbivors, 2) production and supply of algal seeds and seedlings and 3) creation of new substrata for marine algae.
