Relationships between the School Subjects in the Secondary Science Education in the USSR -Various forms of the interdisciplinary ties and their classifications-

Abstract

Interdisciplinary ties in the secondary science education in the USSR are observed in the teaching learning activities in the classroom, the extra-curricular activities, the syllabuses, and the textbooks. Those ties have several purposes and functions and are realized by various methods. The forms of the interdisciplinary ties have been classified by various manners. Although there seems to have been very few agreements in classifying those forms in the USSR, the classifications can be divided into following two large groups by their outlooks. (1) Classifications of the forms from the temporal viewpoint of the ties. (2) Classifications of the forms from the viewpoint of the contents of the ties. In the group (1), the forms of the interdisciplinary ties are usually categorized into three types : previous, accompanying, and prospective ties (Fedrova, Kiryushkin). On the other hand, in the group (2), there are more varieties of classifications than (1) : factual, conceptual, theoretical ties (Fedorova, Kiryushkin) ; ties based on the study of the same object, the use of the same method of science, the use of the same theory (law) in the different subjects (Borisenko) ; and so on. But those different forms of the interdisciplinary ties only show the possibilities of the ties among the contents of the contiguous subjects, and each form can be developed into the various, active inter disciplinary ties through various methods.