A Study of how to Teach Effectively on "The Process Skills" in Science Education Focused on Fieldwork Concerning Geologic Materials

Abstract

This paper aims at the development of a method of how to make the students learn effectively the so-called "Process Skills" (elemental technique of science) in science education. Firstly, the guiding principle underlying the present study was constructed based on both my teaching experiences and the study of references relevant to the matter concerned, using the inductive method derived from the geologic study. Secondly, the concrete plans were made tentatively as follows : ① A structuraly figure of fieldwork concerning materials ② A figure on the curriculum of "the Process Skills" ③ An major observation table for geologic materials Thirdly, the above conrece plans were inspected by performing the field work of stratum intended for the above inspection. (1) The tentative plans（①，②, ③） made it easy to design the field observation lesson of stratum (e.g. (i) planning for teaching, (ii) establishing the objectives, (iii) developing the method of evaluation, etc.). (2) Judging from the manner of activities of the students viewed in the lessons and the data obtained from the evaluation of the lessons, the students successfuly accomplished the purpose to acquire "The Process Skills". Consequently, this paper will be elucidate the following two points: (1) The concrete plans（①，②，③）prepared tentatively deserve both effectiveness and validity as ones applying the concept of "The Process Skills" to science education. (2) The teaching method to make the students learn the "Process Skills" as the guiding principle of the present study are effective not only the students but also for the teachers. Namely, the "Process Skills" in this case stands for the ones based on the eclectic guiding principle consisting of each merit of the guiding principles of both AAAS and ESS projects.