Impression of University Students on Collaborative Learning with a Teacher-Type Robot Using a Spatio-Temporal Perplexion Estimation Method

Abstract

In recent years, educational support robots have attracted attention. This study proposed a spatio-temporal perplexion estimation method using time-series data of learners’facial expression changes, achieving an estimation accuracy of approximately 88.1%. A preliminary experiment suggested that robots equipped with this method (hereinafter referred to as our robot) tend to give learners a good impression. However, the reliability of the findings was low due to the small number of participants. Therefore, this paper conducted a learning experiment with 34 university students to evaluate the impressions our robot gives to learners. The results suggest that our robot may provide impressions comparable to those of a conventional button-operated robot.