A 61 year old man was admitted to our clinic on June 1, 1972, with chief complaints of epigastric distress for 4 months, fever and jaundice for a month. He was hospitalized twice in the past, and on the second admission choledochoduodenostomy was performed. By the use of ERCP and PTC, he was suspected as having carcinoma of the common bile duct, and pancreatoduodenotomy was done on July 20, 1972. Histological stndy revealed that there was no metastasis to the liver or regional-lynphnodes and it was thought that he would have the chance of 5 year survival, however he expired on Nov. 24, 1974, 2 years and 6 months after surgery. Following Snbjects were discussed.1) The symptomes : not characteristic of the common bile duct carcinoma.2) Need for PTC and ERCP before and during the operation.3) The diagnosis of pancreatic cancer by the palpation during the operation.4) Prognosis of early common bile duct carcinoma.