朝鮮語の喉頭破裂音

抄録

(This is an article which the late Prof. Dr. S. Ogura intended to contribute to the Festschrift commemorating Dr. K. Kindaichi's 60th birthday in 1942. Unfortunately the Festschrift could not be published owing to the eruption of the World War. Meanwhile Dr. Ogura died and this has been left unpublished.) Ia) In the consonantal system of the present Korean there is a peculiar series of k, t, p, c and s, opposed to the series of simple k, t, p, c and s. They are commonly called “toin-siot.” The writer quotes various opinions on their nature including his own and has concluded that the pecvliarity of these consonants lies in the co-existence of laryngal explosion.
Ib) These consonants seem to be of comparatively late origin, and judging from the older orthography they are developed from consonant clusters, -k, t, p, c and s, preceded by s or p or both-; e.g. sk, st, ps etc.
2) The earlier Korean alphabet had o, a letter which has disappeared in later days. This letter was used in transcribing Chinese sounds as well as in the representations of Sino-Korean. It was employed also in Korean words.
a) o represented the category of initial, ying (影), of Chinese phonology. The writer discusses about the phonetic value of ying and supports the theory that it was a laryngal explosive.
b) The letter was also used for denoting the final of “ju-sheng”(入声). From the nature of ju-sheng found in various Chinese dialects the letter is considered to represent a laryngal explosive.
In connection with o the problem of is 〓 discussed. It was invented for the initial fei (非) category, i. e. the surd unaspirated labial fricative. But it was also used for representing the final of a certain “ju-sheng” group, i. e. the rimes藥, 鐸and 覺, 〓 used as the final seems to denote w or u. Further this letter was employed in Korean words, too. In that case the letter appears to represent w.
c) In Sino-Korean o was added to the final -r (<-t) in order to emphasize the “ju-sheng” character.
3) In genuine Korean words o was employed in the following cases:
i) it was added to the adnominal form -r of verb;
ii) it was inserted between two juxtaposed nouns in genitive construction.