抄録
The standard to classify the particles or postpositions in the Modern Japanese is led to the scheme for the verbal conjugation.
The conjugation has two divisions of mood and two divisions of aspect. Two of mood are indicatives (yomu, yonda, etc.) and optatives (yomô, yondarô, etc.); each division has five subclasses: indefinitive, definitive, copulative, predicative, and attributive (or infinitive). Two of aspect are imperfects (yomu, yomô, etc.) and perfects (yonda, yondarô, etc.); each division has three subclasses: introversive, extroversive, and retroversive.
Now about the imperfect-indicatives, there are eleven forms: namely three indefinitives (extroversive “yomi, ” introversive “yomuni, ” and retroversive “yomu to, ”), three definitives (extroversive “yomi, ” introversive “yomu nari, ” and retroversive “yomu to or yomusi, ”), three copulatives (extroversive “yomeba, ” introversive “yomu nara, ” and retroversive “yomu tara, ”), one predicative (“yomu.”), and one attributive or infinitive (“yomu”).
And then, in the scheme for the conjugation of the imperfect-indicatives, the basic particles (postpositions) may be put as follow: indefinite-introversive “e (illative), ” indefinite-extroversive “yori (comparative), ” indefinite-retroversive “o (accusative), ” definite-introversive “made (allative), ” definite-extroversive “kara (ablative), ” definite-retroversive “dake (restrictive), ” copulate-introversive “mo (additive), ” copulate-extroversive “wa (topical or themative), ” copulateretroversive “ga (subjective), ” predicative (-extroversive)“sa (designative), ” and attributive or infinitive “no (genitive)”.
Additionally socalled postpositions “ni (dative), ”“de (instrumentative), ” and “to (commitative)” should be classify as the three indefinite forms of the copulative auxiliary verb “da.”
