長崎通事のポルトガル語について

抄録

“Nanshizakkai”is a manuscript of three volumes, which was transcribed by a Tongking jurubaca (means an interpreter in Malay word), Gi Gozaemon (d. 1835). This book has a charactor which is called one of the Japanese-Portuguese dictionary, and in which we find the Portuguese language used by interpreters in Nagasaki during 17 th and 18 th centuries, and also we recognize some linguistic features of Portuguese spoken among the Japanese interpreters. Of course the phase of it was different from that of some lingusitic works compiled by Jesuit missionaries in 16 th and 17 th centuries. In this book Portuguese is written by Katakana. We are able to ascertain the practical pronunciations of that time by means of that orthography. First of all, double consonants in one syllable of Portuguese were reduced to open syllables according to the Japanese syllabic type, e. g. letra>reutara, escrito>esukirito; second, two words fused into one, e. g. ja estou>jastou, de ontem>dontem, and also abbreviations were often used, e. g. alguma>goma, ainda>ain.
The word order was freely treated, e. g. Portuguese word order was arranged by Japanese order. The compiler of this book explained that the following three expressions had the same meaning: arroz um fardo, um fardo arroz.fardo um arroz
Portuguese has the complicated system of conjugations, of which interpreters, generally speaking, adopted present an preterite of Indicative. They used infinitive and present for other conjugated forms. Subjects did not always coordinate with Predicates in Person and Number. The form of Third Person, Singular of Conditional expressed more honorary than usual Imperative form. e. g.
Anda por deante. Arnie Vossa Merce por deante.
Faze corn deligencia. Faza Vossa Merce corn deligencia.
Descobri.
Descobra Vossa Merce.
This proper use in Portuguese syntax was exactly kept by the Japanese interpreters, because it has the correspondency to the sence of Japanese honorifics.
It had the special function to compound with aru after Portuguese words or sentences. Aru was added at the end of predicate or sentence, to make sure of the meaning of preceeding words. e. g. Ir templo aru. Veio arudo. Assi como imitar aprende aru. Saber de coy dearudo. Näo tern novas deyado. Meu (genitive was used for nominative) de dia denoite tern sono aru. It seems to me that it had some relations to the Portuguese verb ending, ar, at the same time, to the Japanese verb, aru.
I will, therefore find out the facts of Japanese influence upon Portuguese, at any rate I would like to point out the Japanese sentence particle, ya was added to interogative sentences, and other sentence particles, yo, do were added to imperative forme. e. g. Vossa Merce ter fome ya? Que parte veio ya? Vive yo! Escreva memoria do!