Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used in a wide range of industrial applications due to their excellent chemical and thermal stability. However, their high persistence in the aquatic environment and their impact on human health and ecosystems have become problematic, leading to worldwide regulation. Previous studies have shown that general water treatment is largely ineffective for PFAS removal, and advanced water purification technologies, such as activated carbon adsorption, anion exchange, or high-pressure membrane filtration, are essential. In recent years, progress has been made in developing membranes specifically designed for PFAS removal. Good PFAS removal has been reported using membranes with enhanced adsorption performance by incorporating highly hydrophobic materials, such as carbon nanotubes, or upcycled membranes, where waste membranes are chlorinated to improve permeability. Furthermore, research on simple and rapid measurement methods for PFAS has revealed PFAS-specific biological responses through the application of omics technology, which is expected to be used in biosensors.
